
.^^ 






"^* -iV 









v^ .^j:; 



^^\^^v\, ^°^:^^'> .^<-^;:X co^c^^"-o 




^^^ 













/.•i.;^.*°o 

















^o"^ »-^% 







-^^ 



^o 



'oK 




0^ » 1 • »- 









- ■ - ^^ 

'/ , ■% 




















.•{.^"•^ vy^.-y'-^i, -. 







^''-i-. 

«* 



V #'% V 






.' .^^-^sK. " 





;* <y 











'*-.<'" - 










«4q< 



*•-•• .^' 



"o*. *»- 









1^ . « • 



*<!>> *•'■•• <« 



'* J^ o^ '> 





















^--^^^ 



-^^-^^^ 

































'^^ *r^f»* .^^ ^o * 





























a^tnout!) tercentenary 



c/ln ACCOUNT of the CELEBRATION 
of the LANDING of GEORGE WAY- 
MOUTH on the COAST o/^ MAINE 




t-^ 






f' 



y 



THE WAYMOUTH TERCENTENARY 

Tlie celebration of the tliree hundredth anniversary 
of George Waymouth's voyage to the coast of Maine 
in 1605 was celebrated at St. George's Harbor and in 
Thomaston on Thursday, July 6, 1905. That day 
was selected as a fitting day for the celebration on 
account of favorable tide conditions. 

In the preparations for the celebration most intel- 
ligent and efficient service was performed by Hon. 
Joseph E. Moore of Thomaston. As chairman of the 
Thomaston committee on the tercentenary he worked 
early and late for several months, devoting his time 
and energies very largely in the effort to make the 
celebration worthy of this historic town. He inspired 
his fellow townsmen with the same spirit that char- 
acterized his own labors, and he secured from the 
town at the annual town meeting generous financial 
aid. That this anniversary occasion was in every 
way successful was due in a very large measure to 
Mr. Moore's wise, strenuous and patriotic leadership. 
With him were associated in valued cooperative ser- 
vice the other members of the Thomaston committee. 
Hon. E. A. Butler of Rockland was helpful in matters 
pertaining to transportation. Mr. Frank B. Miller, a 
native of Gushing ( aided by Aug. S. Fales and Rev. 
Mr. Taylor ), marked places on the St. George's River 
and prepared a printed folder for the guests of the 



day giving interesting information concerning these 
places. A marker was provided by the Thomaston 
committee for old Fort St. George, also a flag, but 
the people of St. George placed the marker in posi- 
tion, raised the flag on a flagstaff, fired salutes, and 
were represented by men in pioneer costume. Mr. 
W. S. White, general manager of the Booth Bros. & 
Hurricane Island Granite Company, gave the granite 
cross which was set up on Allen's Island. The cross 
was cut at the company's quarry at Long Cove, St. 
George, and was transported to Allen's Island, and 
set up by Albert J. Rawley, W. E. Sherer, Ernest 
Rawley, John Matthews, Edward Fuller and Charles 
Watts. In all possible ways the people of St. George 
cooperated with the people of Thomaston in order to 
make the celebration successful. 

The morning of the celebration was not altogether 
auspicious. It had rained a little during the night, 
and a heavy fog in the earlier hours of the morning 
enshrouded the town as indeed it had since the after- 
noon of the preceding day ; but as the morning hours 
passed the fog gradually lifted and at length the sun 
broke through the thick masses, though for the most 
part during the day it was enough in evidence to 
shield from the sun's rays those participating in the 
various exercises. 

The revenue cutter Woodbury, kindly placed at 
the disposal of the Maine Historical Society by the 
government, came from Portland on the preceding 
day, and was at the wharf in Thomaston, gaily decked 
in holiday dress. As early as nine o'clock Capt. West 







CD 



W 



o 



DC 



and tlie otlier officers of the Woodbury were ready to 
welcome the members of the Society and their guests, 
including the speakers of the day, naval officers, 
prominent citizens of Thomaston and Rockland, also 
members of the Gen. Knox Chapter, D. A. R. At 
9.45 the Woodbury left the wharf and steamed down 
the river, the Camden Concert Band furnishing music 
for the excursion. The steamers Castine, Bristol and 
W. G. Butman, all carrying excursionists, and all 
with the Woodbury bound for St. George's Harbor, 
followed, the river presenting an animated scene. 

Here and there, on either side of the river, were 
groups of interested spectators ; and cheers and salutes 
welcomed the excursionists as they proceeded on 
their way. Attention was called to the various points 
of historic interest, and to the marked features of the 
river corresponding with Rosier's enthusiastic narra- 
tive of Waymouth's discovery of the river. 

At the mouth of the river the U. S. monitor 
Arkansas was in waiting, having been detailed for 
service in connection with the celebration by the 
Navy Department, and accompanied the Woodbury 
and the excursion steamers to St. George's Harbor, 
where all the vessels arrived about 11.30 A. M. 
Many smaller craft were also in the harbor, and were 
moving here and there loaded with excursionists. 
Many visitors from the Woodbury and other steam- 
ers landed upon Allen's Island in order to participate 
in the services connected with the unveiling of the 
granite memorial cross, commemorating the cross 
erected by Waymouth on that island, or on one of the 



adjoining islands. Hon. Franklin L. Trussell, of 
Port Clyde, presided. In a brief address he said 
that the celebration on that island was in commemo- 
ration of a bold and intrepid navigator, Capt. George 
Waymouth, who, according to authentic records, 
landed on or near that spot in 1G05, and erected a 
cross as a token of English possession. Such events, 
he said, were milestones in the history of the country, 
and should be remembered by appropriate celebra- 
tions. Prayer was then offered by Rev. C. E. Gould, 
of Martinsville. Mr. George Arthur Smith, of Ten- 
ant's Harbor, then delivered the followinor address : 

There is a famous metaphysician of my acquaintance, the 
characteristic of whose philosophy it is that in search of its goal 
it first hunts in every nook and cranny of the philosophical 
world where its goal is not, and then finally, after saying " Not 
here, not here," it suddenly turns with manifest triumph to the 
right spot, and shouts " Eureka 1 " And its logic is all the more 
convincing because of the method employed. 

May I be permitted to apply the analogy to our friends of the 
Maine Historical Society ? For nearlj'^ three hundred years the 
controversy over Pentecost Harbor has included all the coast of 
Maine from Boothbay to the noble Penobscot; and now, thanks 
to the efforts of your honorable society, we can at last say, " I 
have found it." And the result now seems so perfectly obvious 
that we are still wondering why we have so long remained in 
ignorance of the birthright of our town. Hence it is with very 
great pleasure that we of St. George welcome you here to 
this little island to help us commemorate the discovery of our 
ancestry, and to rejoice with us at our entrance into our 
inheritance. 

On a summer's day, three centuries ago, a hardy British cap- 
tain and his little band of twenty-eight, after a difficult and 
periloiis voyage across the then practically unknown seas, erected 
a cross on one of these islands in commemoration of the fact that 




HON. FRANKLIN L TRUSSELL 



this region which now bears his name and that of England's 
patron saint, had been discovered and claimed by a citizen of a 
Christian nation — Great Britain, and by him dedicated to the 
service of a Christian sovereign. 

The voyages at this period were made not with the motives 
that prompted those brave hearts that later set foot on Plymouth 
Rock, the desire of freedom to worship God after their own fash- 
ion ; rather were they made in a spirit of adventure, partly from 
a desire to find a route to Africa or the Orient, and partly to win 
new dominions for England. 

Such voyages, as a rule, lacked the permanent significance of 
the later ones, but this expedition of Captain Waymouth in 1605 
was of immense historical importance ; for as a result of his dis- 
coveries, two years later, in 1607, the " little Popham Colony of 
one hundred and twenty souls debarked on the peninsula of Sag- 
adahoc, and with ceremonies of prayer and sermon dedicated 
the spot to civilization, and themselves to God's service," and 
inaugurated their government. 

Although this colony was broken up during the summer of 
1608, and all its members who survived the hardships of the 
winter returned to England, a beginning of colonization efforts 
had been made. Not many years followed before other settlers 
were upon the coast. The growth of the settlements was slow, 
but in the lapse of time those little communities increased in 
number and have now become an integral part of the mighty 
nation of 80,000,000 1 Their early growth, however, was not 
unattended by dangers and perils, and had it not been for the 
fostering care of the country which first gave our nation its 
birth, the destruction that more than once impended would have 
become an actuality. For her later mistakes, and for misunder- 
standing the real spirit and interests of her greatest colony. Great 
Britain amply atoned, and yet, although we who are so proud of 
our country's progress, prosperity and world position to-day, 
naturally hesitate to acknowledge dependence upon any other 
nation, we cannot forget the debt the New England owes to the 
old. Her high ideals, we as children of the same Anglo-Saxon 
parentage, have inlierited ; her language and her literature and 
her body of common law are as well our own. Profiting by her 
example more than by that of any other nation, we have grown 



by adopting the good in her life, by patterning after her suc- 
cesses, and by avoiding as best we could her mistakes. And yet 
we have nevertheless achieved our growth in our own way, and 
have given to the world an example and a pattern of a land in 
which the people as rulers have reigned as wisely and justly as 
the sovereigns " who can do no wrong." 

A century and a quarter ago, when under the guidance of 
him whom this country rightly calls its father, these colonies 
became the United States of America, and selected their own 
form of government, the watchword of our international policy 
was, as you all know, " Friendship toward all, entangling alliances 
with none." It was felt, and justly so, that our safety would be 
best conserved, our internal welfare and progress best aided by 
attending strictly and carefully to our own affairs. And so, for 
over a century we have kept as completely as possible out of 
foreign complications. By our steady, consistent policy, we have 
acquired a reputation as a nation for sincerity, firmness and fair- 
ness in all our international dealings, such as is surpassed by 
that of no other power large or small, and of this reputation we 
may justly be proud. 

But man proposes. The disposal of human events is in its 
ultimate analysis in higher hands than ours. Do not mistake me 
as unreservedly sanctioning the logic of those who use the con- 
venient plea of manifest destiny as a gild wherewith to gloss 
over other and baser reasons for certain unknown coui'ses of 
action. The philosophy of determinism and foreordination has 
yet to demonstrate its right to existence as the guiding principle 
of the life either of the individual or of the nation. What I do 
mean is that we have attained our present influence for peace in 
the family of nations because we have adopted as the guiding 
principle of our policy the belief that there is an absolute final 
right or wrong for a nation as well as for an individual, — because 
our statesmen have in the main believed with our private citizen 
that truth will not forever remain on the scaffold, nor wrong 
forever triumph. Let me repeat, our policy as a nation may have 
been sometimes misguided, — omniscience has not yet become one 
of hiimanity's attributes, — but it has for the greater part been a 
sincere one. Who can deny that it was our reputation as one of 
the greatest, if not indeed the greatest, peace powers on earth 




MR. ARTHUR GEORGE SMITH 



that brought success to the efforts of our executive in the recent 
negotiations for a peace conference. 

We have become a world power by keeping out of world poli- 
tics. Secure in ovir position as the greatest nation in the Western 
Plemisphere, we have devoted our attention to our own growth 
and prosperity. Realizing that a nation disunited and discordant 
at home must be powerless abroad, we have sought internal unity 
and harmony. The search was by no means a simple or easy 
one, and was not accomplished without the greatest civil contest 
the world has ever known. Bitter as the struggle was, can we 
who look back upon it to-day say that it was not necessary to 
settle the crisis which compromises, however skilfully planned, 
had only served to postpone, and hence accentuate? Those 
memorable issues, fortunately, are past. We have long ago for- 
given our brethren of the South for their mistake, and we know 
they have forgiven us for our folly in imposing upon them decon- 
struction under the mistaken idea that we were giving them 
reconstruction. Mutual forgiveness, and our realization of the 
need of it, has made us more careful of each other's interests than 
we ever were before. Never again shall our country be rent by 
sectional differences, for never again will we allow it to be said 
that we of the North and of the South do not understand each 
other. The different sections are rapidly being drawn together 
into comm.on bonds of fellowship and vmity by that magic link, 
commimity of interests. The South is no longer merely an agri- 
cultural community. In the land where only a few years ago 
were mainly woods and fields, are now mines and mills, foundries 
and factories, the latter rivalling, nay, sometimes sm-passing, those 
of (Our own New England, the home of the loom and spindle. 
As a consequence, the flood of immigration is no longer content 
with deluging our Northern shores alone, but the South is also 
claiming her share, and thus has begun to contribute her portion 
of the leaven needed to transform the fiery descendants of Stan- 
islaus or of the Caesars into sturdy, intelligent American citizens. 

And so we can say that out of the turmoil of this last century 
of the three which have elapsed since this little harbor of Pente- 
cost offered her friendly shelter to the first British ship, we can 
say that into our national life have come wealth, power and 
unity, and above all the honor that appertains only to a nation 



whose diplomacy the other powers have learned both to respect 
and to trust. 

Now just a word of the future. This year marks not only the 
anniversary we are here primarily to celebrate, but connotes also 
what may be a crisis in our national life. A iew years ago our 
martyred President aroused us to a realization of the fact that 
our policy of ideal exclusiveness must to some extent be aban- 
doned. This policy of splendid isolation has in the years that 
are past been our salvation. But within the last few years, con- 
ditions have, to some extent at least, materially altered. In the 
words of a recent editorial, " We are closer in touch with the 
edge of European interests than ever before as the result of our 
national expansion. We have possessions in far distant seas 
where ten years ago no American thought he Mould ever set the 
Stars and Stripes floating over the territory of the United States. 
We are not far from Hong Kong nor the German and P^rench 
possessions in the far East." And now comes the message from 
the old England to the New ; given only a few days ago by 
England's premier. To our newly appointed ambassador he 
said : " Immemorial traditions have indicated the desire of the 
United States to keep themselves as little entangled as may be 
with the complex political relations of the older world on this 
side of the Atlantic. I doubt whether in its absolute and 
extreme purity that doctrine is likely to be permanently main- 
tained. So great a nation as the United States, owing so much 
and giving so much to the civilization of old Europe, sharing its 
learning and advancing its science, can hardly expect to be able 
to share all these things and yet take no part whatever in the 
political life which is an inseparable element of them. It is 
almost as inconceivable that the United States should remain in 
that ideal isolation, as that some vast planet suddenly introduced 
into the system should not have its perturbing influence on other 
planets." 

Briefly, this message means that the time has come for this 
nation to abandon her policy of isolation, and to take her share 
in the politics of the world, and thus accept our rightful respon- 
sibilities in the family of nations. The eternal significance of 
such a call from such a source is evident. Two paths are now 
presented to us Avhere once was only one. It is not for me to 

s' 




o 



discuss their relative merits. I have only this to say : whichever 
one we choose, our ultimate safety as a nation consists in our 
faithful adherence to those old ideals of national life and national 
conduct which have heretofore been our guidance. 

It may be that we shall see fit still to continue along the path 
our fathers have blazed out for us ; or it may be that heeding 
the call that comes from England's statesman, we shall feel it 
our duty to go forth with the nation that is above all others 
nearest to us in heritage and sympathies, to take a more active 
and possibly militant part in world affairs. In either case, I 
repeat, let it be our prayer and our endeavor that our leaders, 
following the right as God gives them to see the right, will keep 
our country's policy true to those ideals of conduct which have 
made her what she is to-day, the ideals for which stands this 
stone we here unveiled to-day, for which the cross has ever 
stood, not for theology and dogma alone, — our nation was founded 
in part as a protest against that, — but the rational ideals of justice, 
honor and tnith, friendship and sincerity. Such weapons as 
these, far more surely than armies and navies, will make this 
nation what Sir William Mather, a prominent English leader, 
has already termed it, the moral leader of the world, able in the 
future, even more than we have been in the past, to urge what 
we present on grounds of moral rather than physical force. 

Before the opening of these exercises, a dozen men, 
representing Capt. George Waymouth and some of 
his crew, together with three Indians, had landed on 
Allen's Island and were grouped around the unveiled 
cross. Capt. Waymouth was represented by Dr. W. 
J. Jameson of Thomaston. *' Waymouth's crew" 
was made up as follows : First officer, C. M. Walker ; 
second officer, Levi Seavey ; powder boy, Harold 
Jameson ; sailors, C. J. Freeman, Dr. J. S. Norton, 
R. L. Thompson, C. H. Gushing, W. F. Tibbetts and 
Lewis Seavey. The " Indians " were I. G. Young, 
Henry Beverage and Ralph Harrington. At the close 



of Mr. Smith's address, Capt. Waymouth removed 
the stars and stripes that concealed the granite cross, 
revealing the simple inscription, " Waymouth ; 1605- 
1905." A pre-arranged signal on a near-by flagstaff 
announced the unveiling, and the Arkansas opening 
her guns, at once thundered forth a national salute. 
At the close of the salute, Hon. J. E. Moore lowered 
the flag on the flagstaff, and a large burgee, bearing 
the inscription, *' Pentecost Harbor," took its place. 
Both the flag and burgee were presented by Mrs. 
William R. Grace, of New York, a native of St. 
George. 

At the conclusion of the unveiling exercises on 
Allen's Island, the visitors from the Woodbury 
returned to the cutter, where an elegant lunch was 
served by the ladies of the Gen. Knox Chapter, D. 
A. R. The committee in charge of the lunch was 
made up as follows : Mrs. C. A. Creighton, Mrs. 
Richard Dunn and Mrs. H. R. Linnell. 

At the close of the lunch, the Woodbury raised her 
anchor, and with the Arkansas, and a large fleet of 
smaller craft, sailed up to the mouth of the St. 
George's River and then entered the river itself. 
The tide was now nearly at full height, and the scene 
was one of very great interest as well as of rare love- 
liness on either side of the river, while in front, up 
in the main, were the mountains mentioned by Rosier 
as seen by Waymouth as he passed up the river three 
hundred years before. In the company there was no 
more interested spectator than Capt. George Prince, 
now in his eighty-eighth year, who nearly half a 

10 




en < 



i: « 



5 I 



century ago was tlie first to call attention to the claims 
of tlie St. George's River as the river of Waymonth's 
discovery. This delightful return to Thomaston was 
marked by frequent salutes fired by interested parties 
at different points. The Arkansas ascended the river 
as far as Fort St. George and then anchored. 

At Thomaston, as the guests were leaving the 
Woodbury, a salute was fired by the cutter in honor 
of Governor Cobb. A procession was then formed 
consisting of Waymouth's crew, the Indians, and 
about one hundred and twenty-five school children, 
with the Camden Concert Band at the head. At the 
mall about two thousand people assembled to witness 
the exercises connected with the unveiling of the 
memorial erected by the town. 

Hon. Joseph E. Moore presided. The invocation 
was by Rev. W. A. Newcombe, D.D., of Thomaston. 
Mr. Moore then delivered the following address of 
welcome : 

We are gratified that we are enabled to join with you, the 
members of the Maine Historical Society, in celebrating on your 
annual field day an event as important as that which gives name 
to this celebration. We greet you and the guests from other 
societies with pleasure, and welcome your coming. 

The object of a historical society is to establish truth and 
make perpetual a record of it ; not truth in the abstract, as scien- 
tific or religious, but facts of history which show the progress of 
individuals and nations, their rise and fall. You are impartial. 
Because you find some things that you wish were different, you 
do not conceal them ; but each is chronicled according to the 
truth. Preconceived notions of any act or event bear no part 
in the search. Your object is to enlighten mankind, and mark 
the footsteps of those who have gone before. 

11 



In this commercial age, this age of greed, even in these days 
of strenuous action, how pleasant to realize that there are men 
with other purposes, who can throw those all aside, and devote 
a time at least to the study and search that enlarge the infor- 
mation of the world, without a show of gain, but rather a finan- 
cial loss ; — as lovers of the useful, and the perpetuation of the 
events that shoAv the world's progress, the life that those behind 
us lived, and the causes that result in the present conditions. 
Your labor is unselfish. You chronicle the achievements of oth- 
ers and not those of yourselves. Your reward lies not in your 
own glorification, but in bringing to light and perpetuating the 
marked deeds of others, then- successes, their defeats, and the 
results. 

In the material world the great whole is made up of combined 
particles. So in history. While it is not the single event that 
we study, alone, however important, but the series, when we 
would learn the world's history ; still, each event must be noted, 
and accurately, to be sure that the whole is right. Therefore 
the value of determining and preserving local history is not to 
be belittled. Your society may be limited in the place of your 
active research to IMaine, but the result goes far beyond her 
borders. 

The event we celebrate to-day bears no small part in Ameri- 
can history. It has been the subject of much controversy. Its 
imjjortance has been recognized and, like everything great and 
valuable, claimants for the honor of its location have been mapy. 
When Waymouth planted the English cross at the mouth of this 
river, and up in the main where it "trended westward," he 
announced that this was Virginia, and none were so bold as to 
question it. This is but one event, but with others it becomes 
an important one. You have searched history and fixed this 
one, and thus made accurate what has been uncertain. You 
prove yom- impartiality in this, — that when shown the facts by 
a resident of Thomaston, you investigate, and, though counter to 
earlier history, you recognize the truth and emblazon it. 

Three hundred years ago on a summer's day, perhaps like 
this, that doughty English captain, George Waymouth, came in 
his small vessel to these shores, and later sailed up this river to 
plant the cross of St. George and claim for England the right to 

12 




HON. JOSEPH E. MOORE 



this goodly land. He was not welcomed by bands of music and 
gladsome English song, but vast forests were spread before him, 
and all nature gave him welcome ; the strong oak and whisper- 
ing pine welcomed him to give improvement and advancement ; 
the birds that nested in the trees welcomed him with joyous 
songs ; and the infant of that power which filled his sails and 
brought him to these shores, — the morning and evening zephyrs, 
blowing through the grasses and over the rippling waters, — 
welcomed him. 

Your welcome is as hearty. Streets and houses and the voice 
you know are in place of the great forests. Our broad avenues 
and shaded streets welcome you ; our giant elms will give you 
welcome shade ; our hearts and homes give you thrice welcome. 
We give into your hands the keys that open every gate and 
every door, in assurance of the fullness of our hospitality and its 
joyful bestowal. Do not hesitate to test its strength, or try to 
find its bounds, for we mean that both shall be unlimited. 

Hon. James P. Baxter, President of the Maine His- 
torical Society, responded for the Society in a brief, 
but hearty acknowledgement of the greeting so gen- 
erously extended. 

Hon. William T. Cobb, Governor of Maine, who 
had accompanied the excursionists to St. George's 
Harbor on the Woodbury, followed with an eloquent 
address : 

We are here to-day not to make history, but to refer to its 
local beginnings, and to commemorate by appropriate observ- 
ances an event of historical importance to the State, and of 
peculiar interest to this beautiful town. 

It has been established, substantially beyond controversy, that 
on a certain morning in the early summer of 1605, George Way- 
mouth, an Englishman and commanding an English ship, while 
on a voyage of discovery to the New World, sailed up this river 
and landing at the harbor's head was the first known white man 
to set foot upon these shores. 

13 



the beginning, of mII '" °™^ '"' ^" *™« -'«> 

On that June day when Wavmouth loft I,; i, 
coast, and proceeded cautimMlTr h ""chorage on the 

lately unknown to anyl n 1^ I? '^^"T' f-' '^"^^^ abso- 
a great and powerful nation. She wlsll f t T- "'""'^ 

^vageahorigTi ^ ^z::;;::^^^ 'rr; 

fi% year, we ha™ 'e.^derirtesrof^'' ^°, ■ "'" "^^ '-* 
material development for „• , achievements for 

contemplating thTctn^; ^::!:rv:^:z.^h '' 

own we may we., exclaim -. What hath ZtLZ °" 

w^oiTv^arhaTXt™!;: -— r "^^ 

country hastll^ed'^Ijrefrtrd'r''""^'"^ "' ' 
ever far reaching in historical L! ! ^ "^ '™°*''' ""O"- 

for the student o^f histoTX '^2,7°',;''"^ """"^^^ '"*--« 
to know more of our ILT ", T "" a™kened impulse 

conception "^ z:^i:z^z^^t: . tr 

;ng^»pression in acts of commemoration like^^ rVe^ftt 

adiL?„';oftarlingir„V"t-'°''™^" ''"'''' '^ '^« 
of local pride around bvth f ^ "'^ *''''* *» «»timents 
find a readv and In ^ 'i<^d,cat,on of tablets like this one, 

thecitil fo our'ltatrV^r" '^T." '""^ '"' """^-' 
toric associations and replet^wi h tb °°"T " """ '^ ■"'»- 

strength and counsel Tstl'te d alioT" tL "v '"'"' «''™ 
of them, are students and lover of he past Ld TT' """^ 
lie spirit she has caused to be perpZtedl, "r"'" 

bronze the memory of Wavmouth'. v . , '" '"''""S 

J' or waymouth 8 voyage and landing on this 



U 




\- 



m 



coast. By this appreciative acknowledgment of the claims of 
history, Thomaston has furnished an example that all other 
towns in Maine may well emulate, and has earned the gratitude 
of the State. 

At the close of Governor Cobb's address, the 
memorial tablet was unveiled by Miss Ruth Flint 
Linnell, daughter of Mr. R. H. Linnell of Thomaston, 
who had an important part in the task of transferring 
to the mall the giant boulder to which the tablet was 
affixed. The tablet bears the following inscription : 

To Commemorate the Voyage of 

Captain 

George Waymouth 

TO THE Coast of Maine 

IN 1605 

His Discovery and Exploration of the 

St, George's River 

Anb Planting a Cross on the 

Northerly Shore of this Harbor 

Where the River "Trended Westward" 

The Earliest Known Claim of 

Right of Possession by Englishmen 

On New England Soil 

This Tablet is Erected by the 

Town of Thomaston 

1905 

Mr. J, B. Keating, British Vice Consul at Portland, 
was then introduced and delivered the following 
address : 

To-day in a most charming manner you have commemorated 
the landing on these shores of British seamen under the com- 
mand of Captain Waymouth. To these pioneers of Christianity 
and their kinsmen who come after them the world owes a great 
deal ; for, after all, who can gainsay the fact that it was British- 
ers, led by a Britisher, who so effectively cleaned house for you 

15 



and who adopted the constitution which has won the admiration 
of the whole world. 

Great Britain certainly owes to her former subjects a great 
debt of gratitude for having taught her how to govern her colo- 
nies and thereby to successfully hold together an empire having 
a population equal to one-fourth of the inhabitants of the globe, 
dwelling within an area of nearly twelve million square miles, 
and of whom none are more loyal than her sturdy sons and 
daughters, your immediate neighbors in Canada — sepai'ated 
from you only by an imaginary line and huge tariff wall. 

As Britishers we love our flag, to us the emblem of Christian- 
ity, civilization and freedom in the highest degree ; and Americans 
have a keen regard for the British flag because it was once theirs 
and stands firmly for unity with them. We Britishers honor 
and revere the Stars and Stripes. We take a keen delight in the 
progress made under your beautiful banner and we universally 
regard it as emblematical of liberty, progressiveness in arts and 
sciences, as Avell as being the flag of our brothers. 

No man can reasonably expect that in this vast country the 
traditions of the past can entirely govern the future of the United 
States, or yet keep the country purely Anglo-Saxon, but each 
celebration such as we have witnessed this day will ever keep 
verdant the knowledge that it was your and my countrymen 
who laid the foundation stone for the upbuilding of this vast 
nation and may we not hope that the Stars and Stripes of Amer- 
ica and the Union Jack of old England shall ever float side by 
side and together advance in the civilization of the world, thereby 
securing everlasting peace. 

During my stay in Maine, now rounding ten years, it has been 
my constant aim to take advantage of every opportunity arising 
to draw your and my countrymen into closer acquaintance and 
fi'iendship. The jubilee of our late Queen served as an excuse 
to bring into your waters a British man-of-war, after an absence 
therefrom of over twenty-five years. The next year, while 
your sons were encamj^ed in the South and your country at war, 
one of Canada's representative regiments came into your State 
under arms to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of 
commerce to you with Canada by the Grand Trunk Railway, 
and incidentally to help you celebrate the Fourth of July and the 

16 




HON. JOHN B. KEATING 

Briiish Vice Consul at Portland 



victory of the American fleet at Santiago. Since then a British 
fleet has twice been inyour waters and this year nearly seven 
hundred soldiers were guests of your militia in Portland. These 
events and the visit of the Portland Naval Reserves to Canada 
last year, with the harmonious blending of the redcoats and the 
bluejackets, with the sight of the flags of the two greatest 
nations in the world floating so frequently side by side, has done 
much to draw more closely together our two countries. 

And now may I add that there is still more to be accomplished 
to complete the family reunion ? I mean, of course, closer trade 
relationship. This question, I know, is receiving the constant 
attention of the statesmen of both countries. Maine has in the 
past been a great factor in legislation for the good of the whole. 
Can we not therefore hope that your representatives, who so 
efiiciently fill the place of them that have gone before them, may 
yet find a way to bring the people of New England into a closer 
trade relationship with my countrymen to the north of you. 

Mr. Moore then introduced Maj.-Gen. Josliua L. 
Chamberlain, who spoke as follows : 

We have come here to celebrate, not a victory, nor a veritable 
beginning, but a passing incident, a visit; purposed, however, 
and well ordered, and taking significance from being closely 
linked with the movements which resulted in the English domi- 
nation of these North Atlantic shores. Linked, — implying a 
connection, but not a cause ; for no man can assign the cause of 
anything whatever that has happened in human history. We 
may know of conditions precedent, and sine qua non, — without 
which a thing could not have come to pass ; but causes lie deep, 
germinated in the spiritual essence of things, both physical and 
psychical. 

What we note here is the fact of Waymouth's visit, in a ship 
auspiciously named the Archangel, and kept in character by due 
observance of religious exercises on board, with high ends in 
view which prompted the kidnapping of some best specimens of 
the inhabitants for exhibition at home in verification of his 
reports, or proof of the capabilities of this virgin soil; claim- 
ing warrant, perhaps with religious consistency, by the Old 

17 



Testament tactics of the visit of the spies to the promised land 
beyond Jordan with instructions to bring back the best of what- 
ever they could lay their hands on. This last is an important 
item ; it supplies the link which connects this visit with immense 
results. For these good specimen products of the new country 
being consigned to some of the keen forecasters in England, 
woke a vital interest in the discoveries she had practically ignored 
for a century. We have the testimony of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, 
one of the chief promoters of Waymouth's voyage, to whom the 
study and instruction of these unwilling guests were committed, 
that " this accident," he called it, " was the acknowledged 
means under God, of putting on foot and giving life to all our 
plantations." 

And these plantations were the forerunners, if not the imme- 
diate agencies, of a force whereby the English overcame the 
French, claiming by as good a title and holding by a prior and 
better occupancy. Fortxinate Nahanada, Amoret, Skidwaroes, — 
simple savages, helpless captives, but made vehicles of a divine 
communication fraught with the destinies of nations ! Fortunate 
Waymouth, — the craft of man made part of the work of God I 
These it was then, — Waymouth's unwitting witnesses, — who 
woke the first whisper of that deep decree whereby New France 
should become New England, and passing the barriers of disso- 
ciating mountains, and owning only the mighty waters for 
boundaries, this land of ours should be held of neither crown, 
but by a nation to be born, — the people of these United States. 

Thoughts come to us here : what was the force which effected 
this dispossession ; what was its justification ; what is, and is to 
be, the outcome. The whole case will be set before us to-day 
with skilful elaboration by chosen orators. For me, but few 
words. 

And first, this was a matter of race. But what is race ? It is 
something of blood. By that we mean certain specific tenden- 
cies, vital, spiritual, persistent. And in whatever intermingling, 
whether through innate affinities or outward inducements, a cer- 
tain positive tendency will dominate, and will mark the resultant 
character. 

Difference of race is an obvious fact, however accounted for. 
The Roman is different from the Greek ; the Turk from the 

18 



Arab ; the Hungarian from the German ; the Irish from the 
English ; the Japanese from the Russian. It is obvious also that 
physical surroundings do not determine these differences, for we 
find the physical conditions not so widely varied in these cases, 
— and the local situation, almost the same. Race differences 
are marked in the several provinces of one so-called nation, — as 
in France and Spain. 

There is a current saying that man is the creature of his envi- 
ronment. That may be true of some ; but a man so made is a 
poor kind of a man. No doubt all are affected more or less by 
environment ; but the final character is determined by innate 
forces and susceptibilities. When Ave speak of environment, 
bear in mind that there are two kinds of it, — one, the obvious 
physical surroundings ; the other, the atmosphere and contact of 
invisible spiritual influences. The inborn nature of man makes 
the selection, and determines the outcome. If this nature is 
dull, or indolent, or simply receptive, outward influences may 
prevail. But men and races that are foremost make themselves 
so by inborn force. 

Physical geography in simple times had large effect on human 
character. Work and thoughts and habits of life must be so 
directed. But soon some aspiring mind begins to master out- 
ward conditions. The Dutch first made land where there was sea ; 
now they are making sea where there is land. Physical features 
may some time determine the boundaries of nations. But sooner 
or later some force of men will change these landmarks. All 
history shows this. The structure and climate of a continent 
is in some sort a prophecy of its destiny. But this is made true 
only in the long run, when commingling and combinations of 
men have brought out the best traits in each type of manhood, 
and revealed the treasures of nature to be turned to human 
good. The Nile once made Egypt ; now England makes the 
Nile. Aforetime men stood in awe of it; human life was its 
servant. Now the great barrage at the Assouan cataract, con- 
trolling the mighty waters, creates new seasons for human toil 
and puts the mastery in the hands of man. So English energy 
makes new environment, which in turn will serve to transform 
Egyptian character, and make a new Egypt. But it is man that 
has done it, — meaning by that blood and brain, observing the 

19 



work of God, reading in opportunity His purpose, and following 
His thought. 

Now appears that other kind of environment, — the influences 
which we must call spiritual, having strangely no word in our 
language as yet exactly answering the conception and fact of an 
energy not embodied, but inspiring and governing human action. 
What we call the influence of mind upon mind is a marvellous 
power, — whether direct, in personal intercourse, or in wider cir- 
cuits through social enlargement, or as representative in works of 
the spirit, as in eloquence, poetry, music, painting, sculpture, 
expressive fabrics of architecture, and mighty works of engineer- 
ing. In such things thought lives, the vanished speaks. We 
are told that there are some mysterious laws in chemistry, 
whereby the susceptibility of certain elements ready to combine 
is so affected by the mere presence of some other element not 
itself commingling, as almost to control their behavior. That 
law of influence is a mighty one in all the worlds to which we 
belong. 

We believe people are deeply influenced by their religion ; 
their view of spiritual belongings. But to a great degree people 
influence any given religion by their personal temperaments. 
Christianity exhibits various phases in the Nestorian, the Coptic, 
the Greek and the Roman churches. And our modern Protest- 
antism is sharply differentiated by Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, 
Puritan, Presbyterian and Methodist. In a certain way, acting 
and reacting on each other, they make a whole. 

There is a perpetuating influence in the prevailing public sen- 
timent and social order of a community. We make much 
account of the assimilating power of our political and social insti- 
tutions upon the people immigrating into our country. This 
may be a saving grace for us in the present inundations of for- 
eign race and blood, the overflowings of all peoples. But we 
shall find great difference in the capacity and capability of dif- 
ferent people as to this transformation. 

Nothing in this world seems fixed, one and the same for all. 
Human freedom makes certain things very uncertain. A gift 
depends on how we take it; environment and opportunity are 
what we make them. In this mass and mesh of things around 
us, some innate force allied, at least, to the sj^iritual, determines 

20 



destinies. It is so that race characteristics are wrought out, peo- 
ple by people, age after age. 

But peculiar and prominent as these are, a pure race we 
scarcely find. Earliest history shows each race already of mixed 
blood, though differing decidedly each from each. This comes 
from certain strains of preponderant force, or readiness of com- 
bining power. Some we see almost repellant of combination. 
Look at the American Indian; stubborn in his characteristics. 
You can kill him, but you can't kill these out of him. Indeed it 
is these very characteristics that are killing him out. As a rule 
the mixed races are the ablest, physically and mentally. But it 
is not true that all mixed races are superior. It depends on 
what there was to mix. There is some intricate law about it. 
Mixture of elements within certain generic lines, but not too 
near specifically, produces increase of strength ; taken from too 
near or too far, — deterioration and sterility. But true mixture 
is a harmony, working out all the variations of its persistent 
theme. 

Here to-day we contemplate the beginning of the struggle of 
France and England for the domination of this continent. 
Which should win? He to whom it was given, — not by cir- 
cumstance but by capability ; not by force of quantity, but of 
quality. Two races in their main root almost identical ; of the 
Viking blood, fierce in fight, deeply and richly mixed, the per- 
sistent vital energy ever readjusting its composite elements, giv- 
ing to each a polarity of its own. The old Northmen conquered 
Normandy, planting their name in France, but taking the lan- 
guage and law of previous conquerors, the Roman, because these 
served their mastery ; and these hold to this day. Their descend- 
ents, the Normans, conquered England, but took on the language 
of the conquered, — the deep-rooted mother tongue, — and also 
their laws, wrought out on the north shores of the Rhine and 
Scandinavian seas. These also to abide, — language and law ; — 
and are mainly ours, here and now. Two peoples not so far 
apart in the dominating element of their origin, following the 
lines of different stimulus and impulse, developing characters 
peculiar and clearly marked. One fertile of ideas and quick of 
hand ; the other slow of thought but stout of heart ; one daring 
in overture, spirited in action ; the other slowly resolving, but 

21 



resolute unto the end. So are they unto this day. One ever 
prompt, adroit, chivalrous, projecting beginnings ; the other 
calmy observant, gathering force, biding time, effecting consum- 
mations. One leading the civilization of Europe, the other belt- 
ing the globe ! So the vision of to-day : the French overture 
here brilliant as the sky ; the English consummation solid as the 
earth. And we who behold, proclaim it as a triumph of our 
race ; but do not forget that there have passed into it other 
heroic and not lost beginnings. 

Now for the right of it. By what right did England win? 
By right of some " higher law " declaring itself in mysterious 
ways as of better worth than right of possession. By authority 
of some overmastering force in human history, making the best 
of each the benefit of all, turning failure of one to profit of 
another, even overruling evil for final good. Justifications are on 
a great scale and far away, where all find their belongings. 
England entered where France had opened ; took what she had 
made ready. So have I seen the osprey and the eagle ; one 
with flashing wing dashing between sky and sea to snatch her 
prey ; the other watching from some calm rock, then rushing to 
grasp the booty borne by the taker in mid air. This is natural 
law. This right through greater need or better use is admitted 
in the practice, and therefore is the law, of progress. True, this 
may also be the plea of the highwayman ; but the natural law of 
society seems not the same as the moral law for the individual. 
Some races are better able to bring out the goods and uses of 
nature than others, and thus advance their own excellence. Soon 
or late, they take the precedence. And the acquiescence of 
others makes good the title. Is it not so ? By what other right 
are we from the Old World holding this New World once 
belonging to a simpler race '? And by what other right are the 
nations of Christendom doing many things disliked but approved 
by all ? Is not the survival of the fittest the right of the strong- 
est? And is not this the law of nature by which the world goes 
on, whether we will or no ? And is not this of that great 
branch of the human law known as the customary ? 

Now, what is the outcome ? Evidently it is not complete as 
yet. A phase of it is passing. We now on these long-coveted 
shores, descendants or successors of great actors here, have no 

22 



reason to regret accidents or issues of early history, nor to be 
ashamed of the character since wrought out, or of the work done 
for the world. In some of us is blood mingled of both great 
races battling here, but we are not sorry to be named of the race 
that if not first but latest in beginnings, is on the foremost front 
of the world's advance. 

Three centuries have passed. Some climax has been reached. 
For here we see now the tide of ancient blood on the ebb. Our 
new generations are sending forth their boldest to meet the 
demand for energy on other shores, and to make history in turn. 
Peoples are taking their place whom we may deem not the 
equals of the outgoers. But who shall presume to judge the 
reasons of God's ways, or to know the rule of mixture in His 
chemistry? Some incomers are closely allied to us in blood, 
and readily enter into our aspirations and ideas. Others, though 
of blood wider and farther mixed, come gladly to us, and into our 
citizenship. At least they are taking up what goods of nature 
the outgoers have left not fairly tested. Is not this a certain 
progress ? 

A passing glance shows present movement, but not its mean- 
ing, nor the full tendency of things. In the great tides, currents 
are running many ways. The inward and outward set goes ever 
on by periods elsewhere determined. But there is a trend we 
cannot see ; an ever increasing worth, to which our best work 
belongs. 

What we may be sure of is our duty to hold fast the faith and 
practice out of which the sterling character of our fathers was 
evolved; to reverence those things which have enabled us to 
take part in the betterment of human conditions, the clearer 
recognition of the worth of manhood, — and if perchance it be 
held as some higher thing, — of womanhood. It is ours to cherish 
the principles and institutions which have secured for us light 
and liberty, and so hold them that all incomers shall enjoy these 
blessings and also be able to appreciate them and perpetuate 
them. 

Prophecies are written both in the face of nature, and in the 
heart of man. Good has been wrought here, but most of good is 
yet to come, — to come to be. And in such times, when deeper 
knowledge of man and nature shall disclose deeper things of 

23 



good, then may emerge a new composite life in which shall hold 
part our history and our hope. Perhaps even the physical 
features now forming boundaries of nationalities and of enter- 
prise may take on truer meaning, and the shores of this great 
gulf named now of Maine, on whose outer edge the Gulf Stream 
and Arctic currents meet, are potent yet of God's deep purpose ; 
and the peoples behind, seeing the vast reach of opportimity and 
the unity of their interests, will make of this stored and storied 
sea-front a vantage ground not only for exchange of their prod- 
ucts but for the interchange of all best gifts and winnings for 
the world. 

The closing address was by Hon. Charles E. Little- 
field of Rockland. 

Mr. President^ Gentlemen of the Maine Historical Society., 
JLadies and Gentlemen: Inasmuch as the exercises upon this 
occasion are to close with what I may add, I can safely say that 
up to the present moment the Society is to be congratulated 
upon the successful manner in which the entire program has 
been carried out. Everything from the illustrated landing of 
Waymouth and his men to the various addresses which have 
been delivered has been fit and appropriate. I congratulate the 
Daughters of the American Revolution for the very happy man- 
ner in which their portion of the program involving the serving 
of the appetizing luncheon on the cutter has been rendered. 
They are to be especially complimented upon the attractive and 
beautiful committee which had the honor to represent them. It 
may safely be suggested that if that vigorous and redoubtable 
old pioneer, Capt. George Waymouth, had been met iTi:»on his 
landing upon these shores by such a committee, the attraction 
would have been so great that he could never have been induced 
to return to England. I congratulate the committee having this 
matter in charge upon the part of the citizens of Thomaston, and 
especially the distinguished chairman of the committee, Hon. J. 
E. Moore. The uninterrupted and gratifying success which he 
has witnessed to-day as a result of several weeks trying effort 
leaves him I take it in a vastly more gratifying frame of mind 
than he experienced yesterday. 

24 




HON. CHARLES E. LITTLEFIELD by permission of 

J. E. PURDY 



I have learned that during the day, when he was embarrassed 
by some of the difficulties, disagreements, misunderstandings and 
uncomfortable features necessarily involved in the working out 
of such exercises, he was not imbued with the cheerful and opti- 
mistic expectations which, judging from the serene expression of 
his countenance to-day, he is now seeing realized. On the con- 
trary, he is said to have remarked, with an intensity of expression 
perhaps incident to the occasion by way of intimating his regret 
that he ever assumed the responsibility of taking charge of the 
program, that he " wished to God Waymouth had sailed up the 
Kennebec." No doubt the marked transition between yesterday 
and to-day renders his enjoyment all the more gratifying. 
Finally, by way of congratulation, I will suggest that if the rain* 
which is threatening to fall every moment is suspended until the 
exercises are fully concluded, we may all congratulate ourselves 
upon the favorable auspices under which we are gathered. 

It is not necessary for me to indulge in a lengthy speech on 
this occasion. A word should be said by way of emphasizing 
the especial significance of one of the prominent features of the 
exercises. A cross of eternal granite has been erected at Pente- 
cost Harbor as near as may be at the place where Captain Way- 
mouth, three hundred years ago, first planted his rude cross as 
the symbol of the occupation of this portion of the continent on 
behalf of his majesty, the king of England. The cross is a 
most significant symbol. It is the distinguishing feature of our 
Christian civilization. It declares the fact that our civilization 
recognizes and depends upon a personal God, who governs in the 
affairs of men and without whose aid in building they labor in 
vain who attempt to build. It does not represent any sect, or 
creed, or theology, but it stands in its breadth and catholicity as 
the great emblem of the Christian religion, of the civilization 
that is founded upon its precepts and has been in the process of 
steady, resistless development through infinite toil, struggle and 
endeavor ever since the beginning of the Christian era. This 
divine and sacred emblem, and that for which it stands, is the 
great differentiation between our civilization and all civilizations 
that preceded it and every other civilization that coexists with 
it. How appropriate is it then that this great essential and 

lit proved to be only a heavy mist. 

25 



fundamental characteristic should be especially emphasized and 
recognized upon this memorial occasion. 

Great Britain, in the course of her long and illustrious history, 
has accomplished many and great results in the achievement of 
liberty and the elevation and civilization of the race ; but there 
is no single act ever performed by that mighty nation which 
involved consequences so vast and stupendous as the discovery 
and the dedication of this great continent to the English speak- 
ing people, the blessings of English liberty and a Christian civi- 
ization. So great has been our success in the development along 
parallel lines with our mother country that we are sometimes 
too likely to forget the length and the breadth of our indebted- 
ness to her. According to the genius of her institutions and her 
form of government powers, and privileges, and rights of the 
people may in a sense be said to emanate from the government, 
the government being represented by the king. On the other 
hand, according to the genius of our institutions, all powers, 
rights and privileges, have their source in and derive their power 
from the people, and the government that we have is the creature 
of the people. 

While our systems of government and our political institutions 
differ somewhat radically in form, in substance they are in a 
large degree the same. The petition of right, Magna Charta, 
and the habeas corpus act, for which the English people 
fought, bled and died, and to establish which, lives were lost and 
treasure expended with little regard to their number or value, 
are included in their essence, in many respects literally word for 
word, in the Constitution of the United States, and the bill of 
rights of every one of our forty -five States. ^ 

We speak the same language, we read the same literature, our 
people are secured by the same law and we have the same Chris- 
tian religion. We think and speak and write in the same lan- 
guage in which Shakespeare thought and spoke and wrote. The 
grandest and most sublime expressions of the human emotions, 
aspirations and desires that can be found in any language are 
found in prodigal profusion in King James' version of the 
English Bible. The essential and fundamental principles of the 
common law, the security of the person and the inviolability of 
his property were well-settled and well-recognized principles 

26 



long before Waymouth made his adventurous voyage. They 
are as essential and as potent in England as in America to the 
conservation of every principle that makes a living truth of the 
declaration that "all men are created equal ; that they are endowed 
by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these 
are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." The right of 
every man to worship God under his OAvn vine and fig-trees 
according to the dictation of his own conscience, with no one to 
molest him or make him afraid, which was the inspiring cause 
that led the Pilgrims to brave the dangers of the ocean, and the 
unknown hazards of the primeval wilderness inhabited by the 
aboriginal savage, is equally the result in England and in Amer- 
ica of the logical and inevitable development of the principles 
which underlie and are fundamental to the institutions and civ- 
ilization of each of these great countries. 

It is eminently fitting and proper that Consul Keating should 
be present upon this occasion as the representative of his Brit- 
tanic majesty, and I hazard nothing in saying that I express the 
universal sentiment of this magnificent audience when I say that 
we have listened with the greatest pleasure to his cordial and 
eloquent remarks. He has suggested that there might in the 
future be a closer union between the two great countries result- 
ing from an alliance that might be entered into. The same idea 
was very effectively and ably presented by Mr. Smith who deliv- 
ered the eloquent address at Allen's Island at the uncovering of 
the memorial cross. 

It has been the immemorial practice of the republic to avoid 
entangling alliances of all kinds with foreign countries. This 
has been our attitude from the beginning. It was inculcated by 
Washington and has been reiterated from time to time by nearly 
all of his successors. It has become the warp and woof of our 
foreign policies. It would hardly be appropriate to discuss on 
this occasion its wisdom or unwisdom, and whether or not it 
might with advantage be now departed from. Whether by 
treaty engrossed upon scroll of parchment, authenticated by 
great seals and the signatures of great plenipotentiaries, these 
two great English speaking people may or may not formally bind 
themselves together for offensive or defensive purposes is not for 
us here to-day material. It may perhaps be, whether it is or 

27 



not I do not assert, but it may perhaps be, that these great inter- 
national questions involving interests so vast and far reaching 
will after all be governed and controlled in the great movement 
of international development and progress by what General 
Chamberlain has beautifully referred to as the higher law : 
" There's a divinity that shapes our ends, rough hew them how 
we will." May it not well be in the summation of the results of 
the ages, that the English speaking people, separate and inde- 
pendent, yet at the same time heterogeneous and component parts 
of one great civilization have in the end a common destiny, the 
unity of a common and eternal purpose. 

We believe that our form of government, and our conception 
of what is essential to civilization, is the highest form and con- 
ception yet discovered and made known to the sons of men. 
If we are correct in this belief, why is it not then true that the 
highest results throughout Christendom will not be attained until 
this civilization shall be all prevailing? Until that time shall 
come we cannot expect to see fully exemplified that saying of the 
Scriptures " that God hath made of one blood all nations of men 
for to dwell on all the face of the earth." It may well be then 
whether we will or no or whether we agree or no that the devel- 
opment of these two great branches of one great puissant people 
will necessarily be upon parallel lines in perfect sympathy and 
harmony with each other ; that we shall work together because 
we are striving for the same end. So far as such expectations 
may become a realized fact just so much nearer will we approach 
the day when the principles of arbitration and universal peace, so 
effectively referred to by Consul Keating, shall become the ruling 
and controlling principles among all of the nations of the earth. 
As these ideals shall be attained as time unfolds the future, so 
shall the day dawn when, in the words of England's greatest poet 
laureate, 

"The war-drum throbs no longer, the battle flags were furl'd, 
In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world." 

Music by the band and singing by the school chil- 
dren added to the interest of the occasion. 

The benediction was by the Rev. E. M. Cousins 
of Thomaston. 

28 



Evening Exercises. 

The evening exercises were held in Watts' Hall 
which was prettily decorated. Over the center of 
the proscenium was a red banner on which was 
the inscription — " 300th Anniversary of Waymouth's 
Voyage 1605-1905." On either side were American 
and English flags. In the rear of the stage was a 
bank of green and across it in red, white and blue 
was the word — " Welcome." The front of the stage 
was draped in colored bunting, while the same mate- 
rial was festooned from overhead in the hall to the 
balconies, which were banked in green and festooned 
with bunting. Hon. Joseph E. Moore presided, and 
introduced Hon. James P. Baxter of Portland, who 
delivered the following address : 

We have assembled to-day to commemorate the three hun- 
dredth anniversary of the landing of George Waymouth upon 
these shores, one of the first achievements in a succession of 
enterprises which resulted in the English colonization of Maine, 
and which, with due regard to historical sequence, we may prop- 
erly view as of immeasurable importance, not only to the people 
of Maine, but to the English speaking race, and I may add, to 
the civilized world, for history is a web of varied woof, whose 
glowing threads are directed by an unerring hand toward the 
accomplishment of a beneficent end, and though we may often 
but imperfectly discern the relations of parts in the splendid 
design, which is ever expanding beneath our eye, we may be 
sure that such relations exist and are not beyond human under- 
standing. To deny this would be to install Chance in the seat 
of Providence. 

I have said that this is one of the first in a succession of enter- 
prises which resulted in the English colonization of Maine. I do 
not mean by this that the Maine coast had not been often visited 
before Waymouth's voyage of 1605. The Portuguese Corte-real 

29 



had visited it more than a hundred years before Waymouth, and 
Kohl thinks that the natives whom he captured for slaves were 
taken on or near the Penobscot. Be this as it may, the veil which 
conceals this region from \aew for more than a century after the 
discovery of North America by Cabot, is almost impenetrable. 
Cabot's discovery, when it became known to Europe, soon awak- 
ened the interest of adventurous spirits everywhere, especially in 
Spain, Portugal, France and England. 

Let us consider briefly what were the conditions existing for 
some time succeeding Cabot's discovery. By the convention of 
Tordesillas, which was held May 4, 1493, just after the return of 
Columbus, at which a treaty was formed and amended thirteen 
months later, the whole undiscovered Western Hemisphere was 
assigned by the Pope to Spain and Portugal, the dividing line 
being three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape de 
Verde Islands. According to this partition, if it gave Spain any 
right at all, Maine and the entire continent to the South was pre- 
empted to her, and when in 1581, Portugal came under her 
sway, the rights, if there were any which belonged to that king- 
dom, passed to her, and these joint rights might be made to 
cover the continents of America with adjacent islands from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific, or South Sea, as it was popularly called 
after the southern portion of it had been discovered by Magel- 
haens from the Isthmus of Darien. It would seem that Spain 
regarded the treaty of Tordesillas as of great importance to her 
interests, certainly she affected to so regard it ; yet, according to 
the law of nations, original discovery, conquest or purchase, 
alone constituted a valid title to lands. There was no question 
whatever among European nations that conquest extinguished 
the rights of the inhabitants of conquered territory, and conquest 
usually followed discovery ; nor were rights confined to the exact 
limits of discovery. Discovery of a seacoast carried rights 
inland, how far depended upon future possession. 

Cabot's discovery of the North American continent in the 
vicinity of Newfoundland, and his subsequent voyages along the 
coast, constituted England's claim to the North American conti- 
nent. This claim was vigorously contested especially by France, 
who went so far as to base rights to territory, which she after- 
wards named New France, upon discoveries made in her interest. 

30 



These claims are set forth in a document in the Bureau of Marine 
and Colonies, Paris, which has not as yet been printed ; though 
similar claims have been often put forth. In this document the 
writer bases priority of discovery and possession upon the voyage 
of Verrazano in 1524, and claims that he took possession of the 
continent for France from the thirty-third to the forty-seventh 
degree of latitude, or from Cape Romain, S. C, to the northern- 
most point of Cape Breton. He then proceeds to show continu- 
ous explorations and colonial enterprises in the voyages made by 
Cartier and Roberval from 1534 to 1542, of Alphonse in 1543, 
and of Ribaut and Ladonniere in Florida in 1562 and 1564, and 
brings in the futile enterprises of de la Roche in 1590, of de 
Chastes and ChamjDlain in 1603, and the successful colonial under- 
takings of Champlain in 1604 and later. Of course the discoveries 
of Cabot as well as those of the Corte-reals and the colonial 
venture of Fagundes,^ antedating the voyages of Verrazano, 
Cartier, and others named, are wholly ignored. 

John Cabot, on the 24th of June, 1497, discovered the North 
American continent at a point which he named '■'•prima tierra 
vista,'''' or first land seen, and set up a cross at some point on the 
land he had discovered in token of possession, though, owing to 
the disappearance of the " Chart and Solid Globe" which he 
is said to have made, the exact spot is still in controversy, 
some contending that it was Bonavista on the eastern coast of 
Newfoundland ; others on the coast of Labrador, and still others 
the eastern extremity of the island of Cape Breton, the legend 
mentioned, changed to '•'•terram primum visam^'' appearing off this 
island on the so-called Cabot map, which purports to have been 
made by Sebastian Cabot, who accompanied his father on his first 
voyage. This, of course, must be considered strong evidence in 
favor of Cape Breton as Cabot's landfall. 

Although Cabot's chart has disappeared, we have strong 
evidence that the great navigator sailed along the coast of North 
America on his second voyage in 1498, from the fifty-sixth degree 
of north latitude to a point as far south as Cape Henry. This 
evidence appears in the Spanish map of La Cosa, the pilot of 
Columbus, which was made in the year 1500. On this map no 
credit is given to Cabot, but English discoveries are recorded 

1 Vide "D^couverte et Evolution Cartographique," etc. Harrisse, Vol. I, p. 25. 

31 



thereon, as Cavo de Englaterra, Cape England, and Cavo de 
Jorge, Cape George. As no European but Cabot bad visited the 
coast prior to the making of this map, La Cosa must have been 
indebted to him for his material ; but how, is the question. On 
July 25th, 1498, Ayala, the Spanish minister in London, wrote to 
Ferdinand and Isabella, and this letter has been preserved. In 
it he says, after giving an account of the equipment of Cabot's 
ships, " I have seen the map which the discoverer has made," and 
further on in his letter, *' I do not now send the chart, or map- 
mundi which that man has made." We see by this that Ayala 
had this material, and we may reasonably conclude that through 
him this chart of Cabot reached La Cosa, who was thus enabled 
to delineate for the first time the North American coast. 

Some writers have supposed that La Cosa simply attempted to 
make an outline of the east coast of Asia, and that he attached 
the names found on his map to points on that coast, but a careful 
study of his map dispels this idea.^ While it is extremely disap- 
pointing, as he runs his coast line for some unexplained reason 
from east to west, instead of from north in a southwesterly direc- 
tion, by turning the map so as to bring the coast line in the right 
direction it becomes possible to distinguish prominent features of 
the Atlantic coast. Who gave the map its nomenclature is still 
unexplained, but the names Cape England and Cape George 
seem to indicate that it could have been no other than Cabot 
himself. From what has been said thus far, the claim of England 
to original discovery of North America seems well established, 
and the French claim that Verrazano made the first discovery of 
the Atlantic coast in 1524, and the Spanish claim that Gomez 
accomplished the same exploit the next year fall to the ground. 
From the first, Spain's claim received but little consideration from 
her rivals. Especially was the Pope's action toward her disre- 
garded, and allusion having been made in his presence to his 
brother of Spain's reliance upon this, the French king sarcasti- 
cally remarked that he "should like to see the clause in our 
Father Adam's will which bequeathed to him this fine heritage." 
Fortunately, the ambitious projects which Spain had in other 
directions, and the consequent wars which she was obliged to 

1 A reproduction of a part of this map may be found in "Documentary History, 
Maine," J. G. Kotfl, Vol. I, p. 151. 

82 



maintain, as well as her predilection for more southerly ventures, 
distracted her attention from large undertakings in the north. 
The French, however, inspired by the success of Verrazano, and 
more especially of Cartier in the St. Lawrence, became most 
powerful rivals of England in the field neglected by Spain. 
While there is reason to believe that Cabot really made the 
periplus of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, it has never been proved, 
and to Cartier the honor of penetrating it and discovering the 
great river of Canada must be accorded. Upon this discovery of 
Cartier France particularly relied, and to establish herself in the 
country discovered by that great navigator was a cherished 
project, hence, as political conditions favored, she made several 
attempts at colonization previous to Waymouth's voyage, all of 
which were abortive. Her fishermen, however, kept up a constant 
connection with the regions which they claimed, visiting from a 
very early date the waters which wash the northern shores of the 
continent, and plying their dangerous avocation with the fisher- 
men of England, Spain, and Portugal, who also adventured there 
for fishing and traflic with the savages. 

During the sixteenth century the French appear to have prose- 
cuted these fishing enterprises more vigorously than any of their 
rivals, though Poi'tuguese and English vessels probably visited the 
fishing grounds annually. Why, we may ask, were not colonies 
established here during the century following the English 
discovery ? To answer this question we must carefully study the 
conditions prevailing in Europe and America during this long 
period of preparation. During nearly the entire century from 
the time of Ponce de Leon's landing on the shores of Florida in 
1513, Spain was pushing her explorations and conquests in the 
southern portion of the Western Hemisphere, and planting her 
colonies wherever she could find a foothold. Her rivals witnessed 
her triumphs in Peru, Chili, Mexico and elsewhere, and her 
treasure shij)s returning home laden with the spoils of conquest. 
It seemed as if this Iberian Colossus would never cease growing 
in power. In EurojDe her aggressions were unbounded. The 
most that France or England, both jealous of each other, could 
do, was to check her aggressions as occasion offered, and to do 
this kept them busy enough. It would have been imprudent to 
establish expensive colonies so far away unless they could be 

33 



protected from such a dangerous foe, to say nothing of the savage 
tribes whose strength was unknown, and who would be sure to 
molest them sooner or later. Neither France nor England were 
in a condition during the entire century, and for some time after, 
to maintain colonies in the New World, though attempts were 
made from time to time by ambitious spirits of both nations to 
found colonies, as by the French Roberval and Ribaut, and the 
English Raleigh and Gilbert, but such ventures were hopeless 
from the start. Another motive, too, had its effect in diverting 
England's attention from colonial undertakings. This was the 
hope of rivalling her Spanish competitor l)y reaching the treasures 
of India by a northwest passage. This Avas a dream which 
England cherished for a century, and which she made strenuous 
efforts to accomplish. The story of these efforts forms one of the 
most interesting chapters in her annals. 

Spain does not seem to have troubled herself about this. She 
had grown to even meditate the conquest and subjugation of 
England herself, and deliberately prepared to accomplish her 
purpose. Her real power, however, was greatly overestimated 
by other nations, as much so as that of Russia in our own day, 
and when her invincible fleet was bi'ushed from the sea by 
Drake, the sham colossus shrank to its proper proportions. The 
hope of a northwest passage to India also faded, and the Avay to 
colonization began to open both to France and England. The 
New England coast was exjjlored by Gosnold and Pring in 1602 
and 1603, and Champlain made his way to St. Croix in 1604, to 
establish a colony there. The tercentenary of the brave French- 
man we celebrated last summer, and became familiar with the 
story of the sufferings of his colonists, and how, when disaji- 
pointed in the places he had chosen for a settlement, he set out 
the next season to explore the Maine coast westward, he heard 
from the savages the unpleasant news that Waymouth had pre- 
ceded him. Whether they told him that Waymouth had here 
set up a cross in token of English j)08se8sion we do not know, 
but probably he heard of it before his departure, and this may have 
been one of the reasons why he proceeded farther north with his 
people, and finally founded Quebec, the Stadacone of his prede- 
cessor, Jacques Cartier, which made possible a New France on 
the North American continent, and transferred to the New 

34 



World that irrepressible conflict which had long been waged in 
the Old World. 

To Waymouth^ and the men of his time the history of the three 
centuries which stretch between them and us was a sealed scroll 
which mortal hand could not unroll, but to us it lies open, with all 
its wonderful events vividly depicted. Could it have been as 
clearly revealed to them as it is to us, how marvelous it would 
have seemed ! 

As we glance over it, as it lies unrolled before our eyes, it is 
indeed a storied page. We see Popham and his brave Devonshire 
men, and follow them in their struggles through the terrible 
winter of 1607 to their disastrous ending ; the picturesque Smith 
as he explores the coast and names the country New England, 
and the sober Pilgrims and stern Puritans striving amid terrors of 
disease and death to found a new commonwealth, while to the 
north, like a dark cloud portending danger, the PVench are gath- 
ering to renew with them the^old struggle upon a new soil and 
amid new conditions. 

Nor is the struggle long delayed, for we soon see the painted 
savages led by the couriers of Frontenac creeping in the gloom 
of night upon the scattered settlements, and turn heartsick from 
the terrible scenes of fire and blood which desolate the land, and 
the hardships of the bereaved captives as they take up their 
weary march for Quebec. 

But the stout settlers are gathering for a conflict which cannot 
end until the mastery of the continent is determined, and through 
summers' heat and winters' cold we follow northward the cross 
of St. George, and witness the savage warfare along the border ; 
the advancing line of conquest ; the coming of the ships of Bos- 
cawen; the red-coated troops of Amherst and of Wolfe; the sullen 
retreat and surrender of the foe ; the fall of Louisburg and Quebec, 
and the cross of St. George in place of the lilies of France. 

An epoch has ended ; another is to dawn. Hardly have the 
shouts of victory ceased when men again begin to gather for 

• George Waymouth had been supposed to be a rough old mariner until I discov- 
ered some years ago, in what is known as the King's Library in the British Museum, 
a manuscript volume by him entitled the "Jewell of Artes," which he presented to 
King James I, not long before his voyage to Maine. This volume had remained 
nearly three centuries unnoticed, and I had it reproduced and bound precisely like 
the original volume. A glance at it will show that the author was an educated 
man and well versed in the .science of his time. 

35 



strife ; men who have marched shoulder to shoulder in the past 
are arming to meet each other on the battlefield. Why dwell 
upon the details? Lexington, Bunker Hill, Yorktown, their 
story is too familiar for repetition. The old flag of St. George 
which our forefathers followed to victory, and which wherever 
it goes carries assurance of law, order, enlightenment, of all that 
makes for the highest civilization, is no longer here. A new flag 
has taken its place, whose stars are symbols of hope and promise 
to those who seek shelter beneath it. Upon the shores along 
which the clumsy ships of Cabot and Verrazano and Gomez 
sailed so long ago, this flag, unknown to Waymouth, floats from 
snowy Maine to sunny Florida, that land of flowers where Ponce 
de Leon dreamed of eternal youth. Westward, too, it floats to 
that great sea upon which Magelhaens gazed with wonder, and 
which the ships of England first traversed when Drake encom- 
passed the world. Is it not a storied page, and have we not rea- 
son to wonder when we look over this vast continent and behold 
what has been accomplished by the English speaking race since 
Waymouth here met the naked savages ? Perhaps I have led 
you too far away from the event which we have gathered here 
to celebrate ; but a contemplation of the past is fruitful in lessons 
to guide our future. 

To-day we stand upon this eastern shore of the continent 
which the old voyagers supposed to be the outlying boundary of 
India, and which they fondly hoped to penetrate by some water- 
way to those cities of fabulous wealth described by Marco Polo. 
England above all cherished this dream, and though bafiled in 
this direction she turned eastward, and Lancaster, rounding the 
Cape of Good Hope, at last opened the way for her to realize 
her ambition. The great Orient, however, is still open to the 
conquest of commerce. Steam and electricity have advanced far 
in conqueiing space and time. Our flying trains and lightning 
wires bring the east and the west nearer to each other than ever 
Columbus or Cabot imagined them to be, and the great cities 
which are springing up upon our Pacific shores will draw to 
their marts the rich merchandise of Cathay of which our English 
forefathers so long dreamed.^ 

' For two score years after Waymouth's memorable voyage a remnant of faith in 
the possibility of a northwest passage to Cathay still lingered in England. Even 

36 



Mrs. Ernestine Fish, of Boston, rendered a delight- 
ful solo. 

Miss Rita Creighton Smith, of Thomaston, the poet 
of the evening, read the following beautiful poem: 

WESTWARD TO ENGLAND ! 

A new Ballad inciting Englishmen to Planting of the Western Lands, 
upon example of the late prosperous Voyage to the North Parts of Vir- 
ginia, by Captain George Waymouth in the good ship Archangel. 

Now alle you English Gentlemenne 

Who scorn to live at ease, 
While there is fame for winnying 

Upon the Oceane Seas : 
You Mariners, whoo nothing dreade 

When Winds blowe lustilie : 
And all you honest Englishmen 

Who waste in Povertie : — 
Rise uppe and seek the Westerne lands, 

As wee to you shall tell. 
Who sailed with Captaine Waymouth 

In the brave Archangelle. 

By God's most gracious Mercie 

We were not tempest tossed : 
He brought us safe to harbour 

The daie of Pentecoste. 
And we founde a noble River 

Embayed on either hand, 
Which brought us up-warde, league on league, 

Into a pleasaunt lande : 
A Land enriched with fish and fieshe, 

And excellent with Trees, 
Where we were welle entreated 

By kindlye savages. 
We deeme that never Christians 

Had trodde upon that shore, 
And seen oure goodlie River 

Or stately Hilles before. 

Gorges, who, on account of his efforts to plant colonies upon our shores, earned 
the title of Father of American Colonization, wrote, not long prior to his death, 
which occurred in 1C47, that the savages reported to him that a people with shaven 
heads and wearing long robes came to them annually from the west in great ships 
bearing merchandise of various sorts to barter with them for furs, and that he 
believed this strange people to come from Cathay. This story of the savages was 
of course a fiction, but such a story was calculated to keep alive some faith in the 
old dream. 

37 



Shall England live imprison'd 

Within the Narrowe Seas, 
While there are Windes to beare us 

To shores as faire as these ? 
Or will you have it for a mocke 

To them of France and Spaine 
That Cabot, Gilberte, Raleigh, 

Have found you realms in vaine ? 
And gallante Martin Frobisher 

Has marked the Pathe you take. 
And you sail against the sun-sette 

Behind the sayles of Drake ! 

Up sayls, up sayls and vpestwarde ! 

Nor leeve another age 
Tour broade Landes lying fallow. 

Your children's heritage. 
Go forthe and wyn for Englande 

A wider home, and teache 
To Nations yet unthought on, 

Oure comelie English speeche. 
The lands of Golde and Pestilence, 

Leave them to greedie Spaine, 
And make your El Doradoe 

In fieldes of golden grains. 

And you shall finde a token 

Whereby alle Christian men 
Who reache our noble River 

May knowe it once againe : 
A token for the Frenchmen, 

If from the Northe they come. 
That we, the Menne of Englande, 

Have marked that spot for home. 
And if they dare uproote itte, 

God turn it to their loss ! 
Beside Saynte George's River 

We left Sainte George's crosse. 

Rev. Henry S. Burrage, D. D., of Togus, then 
delivered the following address : 

We are bringing to a close a memorable day in the annals of 
this historic town. Waymouth's voyage to the coast of Maine 
in 1605, his discovery of a river and his erection of a cross on 

88 




REV. HENRY S. BURRAGE, D.D. 



the shore of this harbor as a token of English discovery and sov- 
ereignty, are events of great significance in connection with the 
beginnings of colonization in the New World. We do well to 
celebrate such events, and the citizens of Thomaston have hon- 
ored themselves under the lead of Hon. J. E. Moore, by fittingly 
recognizing the place these events hold in a movement which 
ultimately was to be crowned with success far surpassing the 
fondest dreams of those hardy adventurers, who three hundred 
years ago crossed the Atlantic, lured on by visions of empires yet 
to be. The citizens of Rockland, once a part of Thomaston, 
have joined in the services of the day with characteristic enter- 
prise and enthusiasm. So also have the residents of other 
neighboring communities, dwellers in the valley of the St. 
George's River. All honor to those who on this day have laid 
aside the duties belonging to their ordinary avocations, and have 
devoted its hours to the consideration of events that carry us 
baqk to the dawn of American colonial history ! 

Queen EUzabeth died March 24, 1603. For England her 
reign throughout was an era of expansion. Under the influence 
of what Milton calls " the bright and bUssful Reformation," the 
people of her realm had developed an ever deepening sense of 
the boundless capacities and the solemn responsibilities of the 
human soul. The result was the awakening of a spirit of lofty 
endeavor. English merchants extended the trade of the king- 
dom to many and distant lands. English seamen were busily 
employed in visiting and exploring new countries, preparing the 
way for the establishment of prosperous colonies. Especially in 
the seaport towns were the people alive to the many opportuni- 
ties which the New World afforded for the exercise of liberty- 
loving. God-fearing, adventurous patriotism. ^ 

This era of expansion had not closed when Elizabeth died ; 
but it was drawing to a close. A struggle with the crown and 
its adherents, in the interests of the rights of the people, had 
become inevitable. Indeed the preservation of the life of the 
nation, in a great civil war, would soon call into exercise all its 
energies. But the time for this momentous struggle was not 
yet. Meanwhile, the New World afforded an attractive field 
for dominion-loving, dominion-seeking Englishmen. If earlier 
attempts, under Raleigh and other adventurers of the closing 

39 



years of the sixteenth century, had proved fruitless, added efforts 
more wisely planned and more resolutely executed would show, 
it was believed, better results. So the new century opened. 
American colonization was still a fondly cherished dream. 
Gosnold was on the New England coast in 1602. Pring was 
here in 1603. Their reports, eagerly awaited and carefully 
studied, aroused added interest in schemes opening the way to 
worthy enterprise and, it was expected, to untold wealth. That 
France had plans and purjjoses with reference to colonization 
here was only a spur to English endeavor. Not the white lilies 
of France, but the red cross of St. George, should betoken the 
mastery on this side of the sea ; and there was certainly need of 
haste if this great hope was to have its consummation. Raleigh 
at this time was in prison on a charge of which it is now believed 
he was guiltless ; but the Earl of Southampton, who had been 
thrown into prison for supposed connection with the conspiracy 
of Essex, ^nd had been released by the king in the summer of 
1603, was deeply interested in new-world enterprises, and was 
in a situation for embarking in them. Indeed, even while in 
prison, he had aided in fitting out Gosnold's expedition. Not 
long after the earl's release Pring returned from his successful 
voyage. Associating with him his son-in-law, Thomas Arundell, 
afterward Baron of Wardour, also Sir Ferdinando Gorges and 
probably Sir John Popham, Chief Justice of England, the Earl 
of Southampton commenced preparations for an expedition to 
the American coast. 

During these preparations Pring was engaged in a South 
American enterprise, and the command of this new expedition to 
the New England coast was given to Capt. George Waymouth 
of Cockington, a small village, now a part of Torquay, on the 
Devonshire coast. Until within a few years it was supposed that 
Waymouth was a bluff, brave, resourceful mariner only. But 
during some researches in London not long ago, the president of 
the Maine Historical Society, Hon. James P. Baxter, discovered 
in the king's library a manuscript volume presented by Way- 
mouth to King James I, probably in the early years of his reign, 
which bears abundant evidence to the fact that Waymouth was 
proficient in mathematics, especially in geometry, and that he 
was also an accomplished draughtsman. Doubtless he obtained 

40 



his education on those " four prentize shipps " to which he refers 
in some autobiographical remarks. Certain it is that in his 
studies he gave attention not only to navigation, but to ship- 
building and to the art of fortification. An apt scholar along 
these lines, in the course of years he passed through all the vari- 
ous offices on board of a ship, advancing from the lowest to the 
highest. 

When the seventeenth century opened, Waymouth was 
already so well known as a navigator that in 1601 ( by the Wor- 
shipful Fellowship of the Merchants of London trading into the 
East Indies) he was given the command of an expedition for 
the discovery of a northwest passage to the Orient. This expe- 
dition, which sailed from the Thames May 2, 1602, was of course 
a failure. The pathway to the Indies, as any school-boy now 
knows, did not lie in that direction as men had long supposed. 
The promoters of the expedition found no fault with Waymouth 
because of the ill-success of the voyage, but on the contrary they 
decided that " being very competent " he should have the com- 
mand of a second expedition in the same quest. But this new 
enterprise failed of realization. Having lost their venture in the 
first expedition, these London merchants found their disappoint- 
ments at length too strong for them. In a word their courage 
failed, and the proposed second expedition was at last abandoned. 

It was in this period of delay and suspense, it is thought, that 
Waymouth prepared his "Jewell of Artes," the volume which 
he presented to the king. Among those to whom James doubt- 
less exhibited this volume, with its beautiful colored illustrations 
and curious demonstrations, was the Earl of Southampton. 
Certainly in one way or another the evidence was at hand that 
Waymouth was admirably qualified for the command of the 
expedition that the Earl and his friends had in contemplation, 
and he was called to its direction. 

Although we have a " Relation " of the events of the voyage 
from the pen of James Rosier, who accompanied the expedition 
and was its historian, we have no account of the preparations 
that were made in the equipment of the vessel, or in the selec- 
tion of the crew. Even the name of the vessel, the Archangel, 
is not mentioned by Rosier, though it has come down to us 
in the annals of a contemporary chronicler. Aside from 

41 



Waymouth (the commander), Rosier, and Thomas Cam (the mate 
of the Archangel), we have no mention of the men emjjloyed in the 
expedition, twenty-nine in all. Most of them, as Rosier tells us, 
were " neere inhabitants on the Thames." They were doubtless 
such men as an expedition of that character would attract — 
hardy seamen who were ready for any enterprise that promised 
novelty and adventure. The vessel was made ready for the 
voyage at Ratcliffe on the Thames, a hamlet east of London. 
Ratcliffe highway, which connected the village with the great 
English metropolis, was the Regent Street of London sailors, 
and we may quite accurately picture to ourselves the scene at 
the dock when the sailing day came. It was at the opening of 
the season, Tuesday, the 5th day of March, and everything was 
in readiness. In all probability among those assembled at the 
dock were the Earl of Southampton, his son-in-law Thomas 
Arxmdell, and possibly Sir John Popham. There were many 
best wishes for the whole company, and many last words. 
Then, about the middle of the forenoon, the lines were cast off, 
strong English cheers went up from the crowd at the dock, and 
the Archangel dropped down the stream, a fair wind in four 
hours bringing the vessel to Gravesend, thirty miles below Lon- 
don. Head winds kept the voyagers on the English coast until 
the close of March. April 1, the vessel was six leagues south- 
east of the Lizards, the most southern promontory of England, 
On the 14th of April, Corvo, and afterwards Flores, islands of 
the Azores group, were sighted. As the voyage continued 
southerly winds prevailed, and Waymouth, unable to hold the 
course he had purposed to take, was compelled to head the 
Archangel further to the northward. On the 13th of May there 
were indications of the near approach of land, and on the follow- 
ing day a sailor at the masthead descried a whitish, sandy cliff, 
west north-west, about six leagues distant, now supposed to be 
Sankaty Head, the eastern extremity of Nantucket. Nantucket 
is surrounded by shoals, and Waymouth, sailing in toward the 
sandy cliff thus descried, soon found his vessel in peril. By his 
discovery of the peril, however, he was able to rescue the Arch- 
angel from her dangerous position. At once the prow of the 
vessel was turned back, and standing off all that night and the next 
day, Waymouth endeavored to make his way to the southward 

42 



but the wind was contrary. Again, on the 16th of May 
the Archangel was headed toward the land, but where the charts 
located it, it was not to be found. At the close of the following 
day, however. May 17, land was again discovered, but the wind 
was blowing a gale, the sea was running high, and it was not 
deemed safe to approach the shore. In the early morning it was 
discovered that the land was that of an island " some six miles in 
compasse " according to Hosier's estimate, and by noon the 
Archangel was anchored on the north side of the island, and 
about a league from it. This island, named by Waymouth St. 
George, was Monhegan, as all writers concerning it agree. 
Waymouth landed upon the island, but only for the purpose of 
securing a supply of dry wood. Evidently Rosier was one of 
the landing party. " From hence," he says, " we might discerne 
the maine land from the west south-west to the east north-east, 
and a great way ( as it then seemed, and as we after found it ) 
vp into the maine we might discerne very high mountaines, 
though the maine seemed but low land ; which gaue vs a hope it 
would please God to direct vs to the discouerie of some good ; 
although wee were driuen by winds farre from that place, 
whither ( both by our direction and desire ) we euer intended to 
shape the course of our voyage." 

Have you ever had that view on a bright, beautiful day in 
May or June ? I am aware that Hosier's words may have refer- 
ence to the view of the coast one has from Monhegan, or from 
the deck of the Archangel anchored a league north of the island. 
In either case the scene is one of remarkable attractiveness. The 
St. George's Islands are so far away as almost to blend with the 
coast line ; and farther back, higher " vp in the maine," are the 
Union and Camden Mountains, beautifully, darkly blue, conspic- 
uous features of the landscape. The tourist on our coast in 
summer, in his yacht or on some coastwise steamer, will find 
himself looking with lingering delight upon a scene of such 
singular charms. 

The Archangel remained at her anchorage that night, and on 
the following day, Whit-Sunday, because the vessel " rode too 
much open to the sea and winds," Waymouth weighed anchor, 
and brought his vessel " to the other Hands more adjoyning to 
the maine, and in the rode directly with the mountaines." 

43 



Strangely enough there have been those who have supposed that 
the mountains Waymouth saw, and in the direction of which he 
made his way to the other islands where he found a convenient 
harbor, named by him Pentecost Harbor, were the White Moun- 
tains. But this theory has found no advocates for many years, 
though some in this time have unwittingly repeated old errors. 
The fact is that the White Mountains are not visible from the 
deck of a vessel in the position of the Archangel. The late Cap- 
tain Deering of the steamer Lewiston, and the late Captain Den- 
nison of the steamer City of Richmond, who for many j'ears 
sailed along our coast from Portland to Machias, have left us this 
testimony, that never in all these years had they seen Mt. 
Washington from the waters north of Monhegan. Indeed only 
at rare intervals, when the sky is exceptionally clear, can the 
towering peak of Mt. Washington be seen from the high 
ground on which the Monhegan lighthouse stands, and then 
merely as a faint speck on the horizon ; while north of Monhe- 
gan, " a great way vp into the maine," objects which no mariner 
approaching our coast could possibly fail to notice, are the Cam- 
den and Union Mountains, clearly, darkly outlined against the 
sky. 

The harbor in which Waymouth anchored the Archangel, and 
which he called Pentecost Harbor, was an island harbor, and 
Hosier's narrative furnishes abundant means for its identification 
with the present St. George's Harbor. From Waymouth's 
anchorage, a league north of Monegan, this harbor could be 
reached by proceeding "along to the other Hands more adjoyn- 
ing to the maine, " and " in the rode " directly with the monu- 
tains which Waymouth had before him as he sailed in from his 
anchorage north of Monhegan, as Rosier says. Moreover, it was 
a harbor formed by islands, and could be entered from four 
directions. This is true of St. George's harbor, and in this 
vicinity of St. George's Harbor only. Indeed the endeavor to 
identify the Pentecost Harbor of Rosier's "Relation" with 
Boothbay Harbor, or with any other harbor on the neighboring 
coast, fails to meet these and other requirements of Rosier's 
narrative. 

But the paramount purposes of the voyage were not to be met 
by merely an approach to the coast. Wajonouth spent a few 

44 



days in finding for himself and his men rest from the weariness 
of the way thither; and then the work of exploration began. 
In his shallop which had been put in order, and with nearly half 
of his company, Waymouth proceeded in toward the main land 
in order to discover its resources and possibilities for English 
colonization, and soon found himself in a "great riuer. " Up 
this river Waymouth passed irj his shallop, probably with the 
tide and returning with the tide ; and then, in the middle of the 
next forenoon, he returned to Pentecost Harbor with the joyful 
announcement of this happy discovery. A week and more were 
spent in added exploration among the islands and along the 
coast. Then, on the 11th of June, with a favoring breeze and 
tide, Waymouth brought the Archangel into the river which he 
had discovered. In his "Relation," in glowing words Rosier 
gives expression to the thoughts and feelings of the whole com 
pany as from the high deck of the Archangel they viewed the 
land on either side. They noted its pleasant fertility; looking 
into its many "gallant coues" on the right and on the left they 
beheld the numerous excellent places for docking and repairing 
ships; and again and again the possibilities which the scene 
ever3rwhere suggested deeply stirred and thrilled them. Many 
of the company had been travellers in various countries and on 
the most famous rivers, yet, says Rosier, "affirmed them not com- 
parable to this they now beheld." Some who had been with Sir 
Walter Raleigh in his voyage to Guiana, and had sailed up the 
" Orenoque," were raised to loftier enthusiasm here. Others, who 
were familiar with the Seine and Loire, the glory of France, 
found here in this river of the New World features that were 
unequalled in these renowned, historic rivers of Europe. " I will 
not prefer it before our riuer of Thames, " wrote Rosier, " because 
it is England's richest treasure ; but we all did wish those excel- 
lent Harbours, good deeps in a continuall conuenient breadth and 
small tide gates, to be as well therein for our countries good, as 
we found them here (beyond our hopes) in certaine, for those to 
whom it shall please God to grant this land for habitation ; which 
if it had, with the other inseparable adherent commodities here 
to be found; then I would boldly affirme it to be the most 
rich, beautifull, large & secure harbouring riuer that the world 
affoordeth. " 

45 



In this highly colored sketch we may easily discover conta- 
gious enthusiasm and easy exaggeration ; yet one passing up the 
St. George's River at high water on a beautiful day in May or 
June must be unresponsive to nature in her loveliest moods if he 
should not find himself in sjonpathy with Wa3Tnouth and his 
little company, their hearts thrilled with an ecstacy of delight as 
they looked out upon the many objects of wondering interest 
which their enraptured eyes beheld. 

There have been those who supposed that the " great riuer " 
which Waymouth discovered and ascended was the Kennebec, 
and some have thought it was the Penobscot. But as one of 
your own citizens. Captain George Prince, clearly demonstrated 
nearly a half century ago, neither the Kennebec nor the Penob- 
scot satisfies the points of identification which Hosier's "Rela- 
tion " unmistakably presents. The breadth and depth of the 
river, the character of the bottom, and especially the " very many 
gallant coues " on either side, answer to these features of the St. 
George's River, and to no other on our Maine coast. Moreover, 
the direction of the river " as it runneth vp into the maine " is, as 
Rosier says, "toward the great mountaines." All the way up the 
St. George's River the Union and Camden Mountains are in full 
view. What mountains will one have before him as he sails up 
the Kennebec or the Penobscot? 

Waymouth seems to have anchored the Archangel near the 
ruins of Fort St. George, on the eastern bank of the river. On 
the following day, in his light-horseman, with seventeen of his 
men, he proceeded up the river to the " codde " or bay at the 
point where the river trends westward, the site of Thomaston. 
Here they landed, and ten of the party marched up into the 
country toward the mountains back in the main, which they first 
descried on approaching the land. At first these moimtains, as 
Rosier says, seemed only a league away, but after they had gone 
some distance, the weather " parching hot, " and all being " weary 
of so tedious and laboursom a trauell," the order to face about 
was given, the party returned to the boat and then to the 
Archangel. 

On the following day the work of exploration was continued 
by an examination of that part of the river not previously 
visited, a distance estimated by Rosier as twenty miles. The 

46 



" beauty and goodness " of the land Rosier mentions in glowing 
words, also the fact that on the return, at that part of the river 
which trended westward, accordingly here at Thomaston, a cross 
was erected as a token of English discovery and possession, a fact 
commemorated here this afternoon by most appropriate services. 

A few years ago, the late Hon. J. L. M. Curry, then United 
States Minister to Spain, found in the library at Simancas a map 
of the Atlantic coast line of the United States compiled in 1610 
by a surveyor sent over to Virginia by King James for that pur- 
pose. Into his hands, evidently, the king placed the earlier 
maps of Gosnold, Pring, Wayraouth and others ; and from these, 
and such personal information as he was able to gather, without 
visiting (so far as is known) the New England coast, produced 
a maj) surprisingly accurate. On it are indicated such marked 
features of the landfall of our Maine coast as the Union and 
Camden Mountains. A single mountain, west of the Kennebec, 
may be intended to represent Mt. Washington as seen from 
Small Point. But of especial interest, in connection with the 
celebration of to-day, is the fact that on this Simancas map of 
1610, the St. George's River, under its Indian name Tahanock, 
is delineated with its characteristic features ; while at the very 
point where, according to Rosier, Waymouth erected his token 
of English discovery and possession, is the mark of a cross. 
What is this cross but the cross which Waymouth erected, and 
which he marked upon his "perfect geographicall map" — the 
map made by Waymouth, as Rosier tells us in his "Relation." 
Strong testimony in confirmation of such a supposition we have 
in the fact that on the Simancas map Monhegan is designated "I 
St. George. " This is the name given to Monhegan by Way- 
mouth. " The first Hand we fell with," says Rosier, " was named 
by us St. George's Island, " a name which later was transferred 
to the group of islands nearer to the main land. 

From this further exploration of the river, and this erection 
of a cross in the interest of the country from which they came, 
Waymouth and his men returned to the Archangel. The object 
of the expedition, in a degree even far beyond their hopes, 
had now been accomplished. They had discovered a bold coast, 
"an excellent and secure harbour for as many Ships as any nation 
professing Christ is able to set forth to Sea, " a river, which the 

47 



all-creating God had made a highway over which the great 
riches of the land might easily and safely be borne — a land 
whose invaluable riches the Indians could "neither discerne, 
vse, nor rightly esteeme, " and it was fitting that there should be 
haste in returning to England in order speedily to bring this 
information to the " Honourable setters foorth " of the expedition 
which had for its ultimate end, as Rosier expressly states, "a 
publique good and true zeal of promulgating God's Holy Church 
by planting Christianity. " 

Already, while at Pentecost Harbor, Waymouth had seized 
five Indians, purposiag to take them to England with the design 
of teaching them the English language and in this way of secur- 
ing from them added information concerning their people, rulers, 
mode of government, &c. The Archangel now dropped down 
the river to its mouth, and then to Pentecost Harbor, where 
water was taken aboard ; and on the sixteenth of June, the wind 
being fair, and all preparations for the departure having been 
completed, the Archangel set sail on her homeward voyage. 

Over summer seas and full of the joy which success achieved 
always awakens, establishing on the voyage confidential relations 
with their Indian captives, Waymouth and his little company 
made their wa}^ back to England, anchoring the Archangel in 
Dartmouth Haven on July 18. Hosier's "Relation" of the voy- 
age ends here. We are not told with what welcome the voyagers 
were received, or upon whose ears the story of their adventures 
first fell. But it requires no stretch of the imagination to bring 
before us the scene as on that Thursday afternoon, about four 
o'clock, the Archangel came to her anchorage, and the members 
of the expedition Avere surrounded by their eager questioning 
countrymen. Heroes they all were, but of what special, wonder- 
ing interest were the five Indians — the dusky aborigines of the 
American forests — whom Waymouth had brought with him as 
specimens of the inhabitants of the New World ! It was a thrilling 
narrative that was told, we may well believe ; and it was told 
graphically on the deck of the Archangel, or later in the lounging 
places of the town where the sailors rehearsed the more promi- 
nent details of the voyage. 

How long the Archangel remained in Dartmouth Haven we 
are not told. Rosier mentions no other harbor or harbors in 

48 




q: 
o 

GQ 

ir 

< 

o 
CO o> 



CD CO 
cc >, 

O r= 



connection with the rettirn of the expedition to England ; and it 
seems probable that leaving the vessel in Dartmouth Haven he 
hurried to London to place before the promoters of the voyage 
the tidings which they so eagerly awaited. According to Sir 
Ferdinando Gorges, Waymouth brought the Archangel into the 
harbor of Plymouth, where Gorges was in command as governor. 
This must have been after the arrival at Dartmouth Haven, for 
Rosier tells us this was the first " harbour in England" entered by 
the Archangel on her return. While the Archangel was in 
Plymouth harbor, Waymouth delivered into the care of Sir Fer- 
dinand© Gorges three of the Indians. According to Gorges 
this was a fact of prime importance in connection with his New 
World colonization schemes ; for in his " Briefe Narration, " 
referring to the Indians who came into his possession at this 
time, he says, " This accident must be acknowledged the means 
under God of putting on foot and giving life to all our planta- 
tions. " With ever deepening interest Gorges listened to the 
answers these Indians gave to his eager questionings. "The 
longer I conversed with them, " he says, " the better hope they 
gave me of those parts where they did inhabit, as proper for our 
uses ; especially when I found what goodly rivers, stately islands 
and safe harbors those parts abounded with, being the special 
marks I levelled at, as the only want our nation met with in all 
their navigations along that coast. And having kept them full 
three years, I made them able to set me down what great rivers 
ran up into the land, what men of note were seated on them, 
what power they were of, how allied, what enemies they had 
and the like. " 

We have no record of Waymouth's return to London and of his 
interview there with the promoters of the expedition. Arundell had 
been elevated to the peerage, and only a month after the return of 
the Archangel he was appointed colonel of an English regiment 
raised for service in Holland. It is probable, therefore, that he 
was now interested in other enterprises than those on this side of 
the sea. The Earl of Southampton, however, continued his inter- 
est in American colonization, but in connection with the London 
Company of Virginia, in whose second charter his name stands next 
to those of the high officers of state ; and he remained at the head 
of its governing board until the second charter was taken away. 

49 



But the influence of these men, so far as English interest in 
colonization on our New England coast is concerned, was more 
than made good by the influence of Sir John Popham, Chief 
Justice of England. Indeed he seems to have had some part in 
the Archangel's quest, for on the return of the vessel two of the 
ndians seized by Waymouth were turned over to him. By 
what he learned from these men of the New World his interest 
in western colonization was greatly intensified. With Sir Fer- 
dinando Gorges he was soon busy with plans for added explora- 
tion, and in 1606 each dispatched a vessel destined for the New 
England coast. That fitted out by Sir John Popham, on which 
were two of Waymouth's Indians, was captured by the Spaniards 
and the venture was lost. Gorges' vessel, however, with which 
went Captain Pring, succeeded in reaching the coast, and Pring 
returned bringing " with him the most exact discovery of the 
coast," says Gorges, " that ever came to my hands." 

Why the command of neither of these two vessels sent out in 
1606 was given to Waymouth, we can only conjecture. Higher 
ambitions seem to have seized him after his return in 1605, and 
it is probable that he sought service under the crown. If so his 
seeking was unsuccessful, and his later career was one of almost 
continual disappointment. But Pring's expedition confirmed 
the impressions concerning the New World which were made 
upon Waymouth's company. Accordingly Sir John Popham 
did not lose heart on account of the disaster that befel his vessel, 
and the Popham colony in 1607, in which the Chief Justice had 
so prominent an interest, followed close upon Pring's return. 

By this colony the results of Waymouth's expedition were 
made secure. Here at Thomaston and on one of the St. George's 
islands — probably Allen's Island — Waymouth had established 
an English claim to right of possession. No time was lost in 
making good that claim by the planting of colonists on the New 
England coast. England — not France, not Spain — was to 
have dominion here. The failure of the Popham colonists to 
retain their hold at the mouth of the Kennebec — great as that 
failure was — did not silence England's claim to possession. Yet 
Royalist interests, fostered by Sir John Popham, Sir Ferdi- 
nando Gorges and others alUed to the fortunes of the Stuaii; 
dynasty, were not to obtain any strong foothold here. The 

50 



Puritan was already looming large in English concerns. Elizabeth 
had sought to hinder his rise, but the emphasis which Puritanism 
gave to the concerns of the soul made such a profound impres- 
sion upon the great body of the English people that the result 
was the awakening of that personal consideration of duty 
and destiny which developed speedily throughout the land a 
strong, stalwart national force. Says Green, in his " History of 
the English People, " " Their common calling, their common 
brotherhood in Christ, annihilated in the mind of the Puritans 
that overpowering sense of social distinctions which character- 
ized the age of Elizabeth. There was no open break with social 
traditions; no open revolt against the social subordination of 
class to class. But within these forms of the older world beat 
for the first time the spirit which was to characterize the new. 
The meanest peasant felt himself ennobled as a child of God. 
The proudest noble recognized a spiritual equality in the poorest 
' saint. ' " 

Already the Royalist party in England, in relation to the Puri- 
tan party, Avas to see repeated the experience of the Forerunner, 
"He must increase, I must decrease." Emphatically was this 
true here in New England, whither came the Pilgrims in 1620, 
and the Puritans in 1629, followed for a decade by thousands of 
those who saw on this side of the sea the opportunity for build- 
ing a better England founded upon those ideals which had come 
to have overmastering force, but for the realization of which old 
England did not present the same ground of reasonable 
expectation. 

It is the chief significance of this celebration that it records, 
and makes prominent, the fact that here at Thomaston and on 
one of the St. George's islands was the earliest known English 
claim to the right of possession on the New England coast — a 
claim to which expression was given by the erection of a cross. 
Nor was it made any too soon. Waymouth left Pentecost Har- 
bor on his return voyage June 26 (N. S.). De Monts, whose 
little colony at St. Croix Island had experienced terrible suffering 
during the winter and had lost nearly half its number by death, 
had now determined to seek another location for settlement, and 
June 18 (N. S.) — therefore eight days before Wajnnouth set 
sail for England — the French explorer, in a vessel of fifteen 

51 



tons, with about as many in his party as Waymouth numbered 
in his company on the Archangel, set forth on an expedition 
down the coast. No mention of English adventurers in the 
same neighborhood is made until de Monts' return, when having 
reached the Kennebec on July 29, his chronicler, Champlain, 
mentions the fact that while at the Kennebec information was 
received from an Indian concerning a ship ten leagues away, 
whose men had killed five Indians under cover of friendship; 
and Champlain adds that from a description of the men on the 
vessel " we concluded they were English. " Plainly the refer- 
ence was to the Archangel. As Waymouth did not set sail from 
Pentecost Harbor on his return to England until more than a 
week after de Monts left St. Croix Island on his exploration of 
the coast, there was an opportunity, it would seem, for a meeting 
of the French and English explorers. In the presence of repre- 
sentatives of the two nationalities on the coast at the same time, 
it would also seem as if France would be ready to dispute the 
claim of right of possession which Waymouth had here asserted 
in England's behalf. But happily de Monts, in passing along 
the New England coast as far as Cape Cod, found no place suit- 
able for colonization, as it seemed to him, and withdrew his 
colony from St. Croix Island to Port Royal. 

It was not a matter of little importance, therefore, that Way- 
mouth erected his cross here and that de Monts retired across 
the Bay of Fundy. It is true there were later attempts on the 
part of the French at Mt. Desert and Castine to secure a foot- 
hold on the New England coast, but their efforts were unsuccess- 
ful ; while England from this time on strengthened her grasp 
upon this fair western domain, and let it be known in language 
that could not be misunderstood that she intended both to have 
and to hold the prize she had seized. 

At the celebration at Calais and St. Croix Island a year ago, 
commemorating the three hundredth anniversary of de Monts' 
settlement in 1604, the French Consul General at Montreal, in 
an address, pathetically remarked, " It has been the lot of France 
to scatter many fruitful seeds the benefits of which others have 
reaped." The fact is that in the early history of American col- 
onization, France not only had seized but held a commanding 
position upon the continent. The St. Lawrence river, discovered 

52 



by Gartier, afforded easy access to the valley of the Mississippi 
by way of the Great Lakes. But England, advancing from the 
Atlantic coast, was even more fortunate. The stars in their 
courses fought on her side, it is true; but there were resolute 
purpose, strong determination, and unconquerable energy on the 
part of our English ancestors to the end that English laws, 
English traditions and English ideas should here become fruitful ; 
in other words that from the seed here sown, they, not others, 
should reap. Because of what they did, we have a New England 
on these western shores. 

Have we still their spirit ? Certainly, it will little avail us to 
build monuments as memorials of great deeds accomplished in 
the long ago unless we cherish the spirit that enabled our fathers 
to do these deeds. May this celebration, by recalling the begin- 
nings of our colonial history, beget in us all better desires and 
nobler purposes — desires and purposes which shall make us 
more worthy citizens of this great and prosperous republic. 

Mr. Baxter had brought to Thomaston his fac- 
simile copy of Waymouth's " Jewell of Artes," 
referred to by Dr. Burrage in his address, and at the 
close of the exercises of the evening this beautiful 
volume was exhibited to many who lingered to exam- 
ine its interesting pages. 

The day throughout was one of very great interest. 
This brief account should not close without a refer- 
ence to the delightful informal reception given to the 
guests of the day in Thomaston homes, and especially 
by Dr. and Mrs. J. E. Walker at their beautiful colonial 
residence. The spacious rooms, fragrant with the 
scent of innumerable roses and pinks, and bright 
with English and American flags, the brilliant uni- 
forms of the naval officers mingling with the lighter 
colors of the dresses of the ladies, presented a most 
attractive picture. 

53 



titt 













••^^^^' 



■^^■& 



A^"^. 






'^^ A^^ •i 



..... 













^^ * 













; .«^-^*. '. 






/ v* ^^ •-'^ais^/ .v ^'^^ ^: 
























^• .♦^"^'^. -.c 




• ' ^ 4^ 



c^. * • . o 



^w 









<^*. *.To» ^^0^ ''^ 



^ ^^.WW<y^ ^/-^^f^^^V" V-^'\^^' ^%--:. 



^o _^0^ >; 



"^O^ 









^^./^ 



V -.^^^ /% --%^*' ^^'\ \^*- /\ l^P 



" ^ • . ^ 



^^' -o.'--r?^-\o'' x;-^f'\/ v^;o^ 

;♦• /\ -l^- /\ %^.- ^•^^'H. ^. 



** 



..... t-o «N 

























